Sociodemographic study of ocular morbidity in school children of aligarh

Ocular Morbidities with its economic and social consequences represents an important Public Health Problem in various part of the world. This was a cross sectional study. The present study was planned to know the prevalence of ocular morbidity in school Children and their correlation with socio demographic profile if any. School children of age 5-12 years of selected AMU schools in the field practice area were the study population. The sample size calculated was 1050 but 1129 were covered in this study. In present study prevalence of ocular morbidity in students were found 32.3%. The prevalence was more among female candidates. So to conclude present study highlights important problem of ocular morbidity in school children. Refractory error was commonest form of ocular morbidity amongst them. Significant association was found between ocular morbidity and socio economic status and diet?

Chromatin organization and transcriptional activation of Hox genes / 대한해부학회지

Spatially and temporally programmed expression of the Hox genes along the antero-posterior (A-P) axis is essential for correct pattern formation during embryonic development. An accumulating body of evidence indicates the pivotal role of spatial chromatin organization for the coordination of gene regulation. Recently, chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique has been developed and opened a new way to study chromosomal interactions in the nucleus. In this study, we describe 3C method we applied in F9 embryonic teratocarcinoma cells and demonstrate that the chromosomal interactions at Hox loci are successfully detected. Interestingly, at Hoxc loci, the abundance of intrachromosomal interactions with neighboring fragments was drastically decreased when the genes are expressed. These results indicate the possibility of the dynamic pattern of chromosomal interaction in association with the transcriptional regulation of Hox genes.

Histological findings of posterior fossa tumors in children

To find out different histopathological types of posterior fossa tumors in children. This Descriptive study was carried out in Department of Neuro surgery Govt. Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from June 2003 to May 2008, All patients with posterior fossa tumors under 14 years were included in the study. Patient with brainstem glioma, posterior fossa abscesses and pineal tumors were excluded. A total of 117 patients were included. There were 80 male and 37 female with sex ratio of 2.1:1 with age range from 6 months to 14 years with mean age of 8.9 years and SD + 5.4. Computerized Axial Tomography / Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain were done for establishing diagnosis. Different surgical procedures for tumor removal were performed and specimen was sent for histopathological study in all operative cases. Out of 117 patients Medulloblastoma was seen in 38 [32.7%], Ependymoma in 23 [19.65%] Astrocystoma in 25 [21.36%], Hemangioblastoma in 19 [16.23%] Tuberculoma in 4 [3.41%] Meningioma in 2 [1.7%] and dermoid and epidermoid cyst in 3 cases each [2.56%]. Medulloblastoma was seen commonly between 6-10 years in 22 [18.8%] patients. Astrocystoma between 6 -10 years in 12[10.25%] patients. Ependymoma is common below 5 years in 17[14.5%] patients. Hemangioblastoma between 6-10 years in 15 [12.82%] patients, tuberculoma in 3[2.56%] patients in 6 -10 years of age. Medulloblastoma and Pilocytic Astrocystoma and Hemangioblastoma are common tumors between 6-10 years of age and Ependymoma is common below 5 years. Tuberculoma is also tumor mimicking condition occurring in posterior fossa

Ilaj-bil-Riyazat a way of natural cure

The Haj-Bit-Tadbeer [Regimenal Therapy] of Unani System of Medicine is a unique way of treatment, in which ailments are cured without or with least use of drugs. The basic concept of llaj-bit-tadbeer is based upon the Theory of Tabiyat, which is the ultimate curator and it may prove pivotal in achieving the goal of GLOBAL HEALTH in community perspective. According to O.C. Gruner, the authority on Basics of Medicines, [It [Tabiyat] would aim at reasons for health and ill health far deeper than those given by microbic and cognate theory]. Riyazat [Exercise] is a method of treatment of Regimenal Therapy which is used as a tool to keep the body fit and sound and also help to treat various diseases, especially those diseases which are caused by such humours that can be liquefied and then mobilized to elimination by Innate Heat. Riyazat helps to boost the innate heat, a tool of Tabiyat, which then overcome disease causing matter, and thus help in treatment of diseases like - Osteo-arthritis, Obesity, Cervical Spondylitis, Cardiovascular disorders etc

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: clinical presentations and operative findings on microvascular decompression

To analyze the clinical presentations of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and its operative findings on microvascular decompression. This descriptive case series study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, PGML Govt. Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from July, 2003 to November, 2007. A total of 110 consecutive patients of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia undergoing microvascular decompression in the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital were included in the study. Clinical presentations and operative findings were recorded and analyzed. All cases of secondary trigeminal neuralgia were excluded with the help of MRI brain. Ratio of Male: female was 2:3. Age ranged from 28-80 years, mean age being 57 years. Right side was affected in 60% cases. Maxillary and mandibular divisions in combination were involved in majority of cases. Pain-free period varied from few hours to years. The common triggering stimuli were chewing and touching. A trigger point was found in [77%] cases. Superior cerebellar artery was the cause of compression in 90% of cases. In 90% of cases compression was on the root entry zone. The nerve compression was found on superomedial aspect in 66 [60%] of cases. Almost all cases of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are caused by a vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, superior cerebellar artery being the commonest cause 90%

Surgical outcome of transpedicular fixation in thoracolumber fractures

Development of transpedicular screw fixation techniques and instrumentation systems has brought short-segment instrumentation [fixation of one normal vertebra above and below an injured segment] into general clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to report the surgical outcome of thoracolumber fractures treated with short-segment pedicle instrumentation. A retrospective review of all surgically managed thoracolumbar fractures during two years was performed. The 84 surgically managed patients were instrumented by the short-segment technique. Patients charts, operation notes, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] was done. Neurological findings [Frankel functional classification], and follow-up records up to 6 months were reviewed. Transpedicular fixation was performed in 84 cases including 52 male and 32 female with male to female ratio 1.6:1. Mean +/- SD of age was 40 +/- 13.75 years [range15-60]. The level of injuries was different in different age groups. Outcome was assessed on Frankle grading. No patient showed an increase in neurological deficit. Most of the patients showed improvement to the next grade. Screw breakage occurred in 8 cases, bed sores in 16 cases and deep vein thrombosis in 3 cases. Misplaced screw in 5 cases. Eight cases got wound infection. Although long term follow-up evaluation needs to verified, the short term follow-up results suggest a favourable outcome for short-segment instrumentation

Persian contribution to Unani medicine a review

The Middle Ages of European history roughly correspond to the [Golden age] of Arab civilization. When Europe was passing through Dark Ages, the Arabs contributed significantly to the rest of the civilization. They translated the Greco-Roman medical literature into Arabic and helped to preserve the ancient knowledge and developed their own system of medicine known as Unani system of medicine. Leaders in the Arabic Medicine were the Persians. Persia encouraged and developed physicians and philosophers of Unani medicine. They further developed this medicine into a complete science and it got deep root in the masses. Persian city of Jundishapur served as an intellectual magnet for Muslim scholars and provided a uniquely tolerant and peaceful meeting point for the philosophical and medical traditions of the Persian, Greek, Indian, Zoroastrian and Nestorian. The hospital at Jundishapur seems to have functioned as a medical school. The scholars at Jundishapur carried out the monumental task of assembling and translating Greek texts including those of Hippocrates and Galen into Syriac, which was then the language of university. Many of the Greek texts were eventually translated into Arabic from these Syrian editions. Eminent physicians of this period are: - Ibn Raban Tabari [810-895 A.D.], Abu Bakr Zakariya al-Razi [865-925 A.D.], Ibn Sina [980-1037 A.D.] etc. They were eminent scholars, great philosophers, physicians and intellectual prodigies of this period. Avicenna gave a final shape to Unani system of medicine and redefined many concepts based on his clinical experiences. Ibn Sina wrote books in Persian later in his life like Risala-e-joodia, Al-Biruni, the great propounder of Arabic language had to turn to Persian often, Omar Khayyam, a great mathematician, Firdausi, writer -of Shahnama, Arzani, Gilani, Mohammed Azam Khan and Sharif Khan, all made real contribution to Tibb via Persian